The slower 0.001 kg/s with 0.1 m/s airflows for the R-32 ends after 900 seconds (15 minutes). The moderate leak rate of 0.002 kg/s for R-32 is 450 seconds (7.5 minutes). CFD analysis in the transient system condition results from numerical simulation, indicating that the leak will run out after 180 seconds with 0.005 kg/s (0.5 m/s). Turbulent modeling uses K-Epsilon standards.
#Fundamentals of chemical engineering thermodynamics pdf software#
Numerical calculations are used in CFD ANSYS FLUENT software with a model developed by Species Transport, SIMPLE algorithm, solver using pressure-based, mesh type is the dominant quadrilateral (rectangle). The simulation uses three variations of mass flow rate (leakage) and three airflow rate variations: low, medium, and high cold airflow velocity. It discusses the distribution of flammable refrigerant R-32 (difluoromethane) in an air-conditioned room. This study investigates and analyzes flammable refrigerant difluoromethane distributions in the room affected by the A/C unit's leakage. Graphical abstract Abstract Hydrocarbon Refrigerant R-32 called difluoromethane is one alternative solution used for Air Conditioning (A/C) unit split, but the weakness is flame property. The emission results show that the minimum oxygen monoxide emissions, which is 0.3% less than that of diesel, is related to the tomato-apricot-papaya biodiesel-diesel ternary blend. The results address that the energy percentage of exhaust emissions at the speed of maximum torque and maximum power averaged 30% while this fraction for exergy was about 13%. Also, the obtained results show that, compared to the tomato biodiesel-diesel blend, using the binary blends decreases the percentage of heat loss exergy by 5.5% and 3.3% on average for tomato-papaya biodiesel -diesel and tomato-apricot biodiesel-diesel, respectively. The obtained results reveal that the maximum and minimum exergy efficiency are related to the biodiesel of tomato-papaya blend at about 29.63% and pure diesel at about 28.46% respectively. In this paper, the effects of binary and ternary blends of tomato, papaya, and apricot seed biodiesels on the energy and exergy balance as well as emissions on a compression ignition diesel engine were experimentally and theoretically investigated.
Binary and ternary fuel blends (blends of biodiesels with the opposite properties) are the best environmentally friendly alternative in compression ignition engines. However, biodiesel has some properties which a negative effect on engine combustion. Biodiesel is considered as a renewable biofuel-based substitute for fossil diesel as the properties of biodiesel are similar to those of normal diesel fuel.
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